Cool roof-Reduction the temperature of roof.

Cool Roof

Cool roofs offer specially designed to reflect the sun and reduce thermal emittance. In other words, they reflect more sunlight than your average roof, and the top of a building in the hot or cold air leaking roof. Under the intense heat of the summer sun, dark ceiling tile can reach 150 degrees Fahrenheit (65.5 degrees Celsius) temperatures. Reflected in a cool roof can reduce more than 50 degrees.



Reducing the temp. of roof is good, but main benefits are inside. A cold roof where the air trapped inside the building by reflection or intense heat, improves indoor temperature. The stress placed on the air conditioning systems, there is a reduction in emissions due to food of our heat and reduce cooling. Cool Roof reflective cool roof shingles and tiles, including color and material can be tied together.

Cool Roof

Cool roof-Reduction the temperature of roof.

Seven wonders of the world

Chichen tza

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Construction of Statue of Jesus Christ the Redeemer Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Local engineer Heitor da Silva Costa designed the statue; it was sculpted by Polish-French sculptor Paul Landowski. A group of engineers and technicians studied Landowski’s submissions and the decision was made to build the structure out of reinforced concrete (designed by Albert Caquot) instead of steel, more suitable for the cross-shaped statue. The outer layers are soapstone, chosen for its enduring qualities and ease of use. Construction took nine years, from 1922 to 1931 and cost the equivalent of US$250,000 ($3,300,000 in 2014). The monument was opened on October 12, 1931. The statue was meant to be lit by a battery of floodlights triggered remotely by shortwave radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi, stationed 5,700 miles (9,200 km) away in Rome, but poor weather affected the signal and it had to be lit by workers in Rio.

Biggest lined irrigation canal- Narmada Canal

Biggest lined irrigation canal- Narmada Canal

You are not seeing any National Highway, Its Aerial View of Narmada Canal Gujarat.

Narmada Main Canal is a contour canal. It is the biggest lined irrigation canal in the world. It is about 458 km. long up to Gujarat -Rajasthan border and 74 kms further in Rajasthan.

Construction and history of The Great Wall Of China

Construction and history of The Great Wall OF China

When was the great wall of china built?

The construction and reconstruction are spread over several centuries. Great Wall construction around 220 BC BC began. Until 1500, it was created on and off for many centuries.
How it was Made.

In the Qin Dynasty, the wall was made by several methods. Workers will put down a thick layer of raw land. This was used as a base type. In addition, they will be placed in a layer of silt and clay, known as the Loess. The Foundation was created, it was used to build the wall of the living earth.

To create a live wall means, workers filled the land with wooden frame and the foundation was laid. A break for them until it was too fragile. It is a thin layer of compacted clay. They are the last to be placed on all levels. Fragments of stone and other debris were added to the wall to try and get even stronger.

It was a long process.

There were different ways to build the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty. Such as kilns to make bricks for building strong had better technique. They crashed earthen wall of the building and the wall can be used as the innermost layer. Then methodically put them together in the outer layer would use bricks and stones. They were made of rice and lime mortar for bricks was special.

This method made a wall that was many times stronger.

Colosseum- A wonderful construction & history

Colosseum- A wonderful construction & history

Why was the Roman Colosseum built? 

The decision led to the construction of the Colosseum, Roman Emperor from AD 79 to June 1, July 69-23 was taken by Vespasian. His government soon after Nero’s little-known rule. During the reign of Nero in 64AD destroyed in the great fire of Rome. Nero land in the city proper and a lake and gardens built a fabulous palace, (” Golden House ” in Latin) was named Aurea home. 100-120 ft (37m) high measuring a colossal statue of Nero’s Roman was built on the site and has become a landmark in the city of Rome . Arena (Amphitheatre Statilius Taurus ) before the great fire ‘ Roman plebs’ are ordered by Nero to placate and was built in 57AD Amphitheatrum Neronis that was destroyed with a wooden amphitheater built ” during the burning of the stone . Narrow passions andto convey the grandeur of Rome.

Itaipu Dam

Construction of Itaipu Dam

In 1960, the governments of Brazil and Paraguay in their countries to support the needs of the growing power of shared resources working together on a project in a way was found. The tool, which form a natural border between the two nations is the Paraná River, which was the seventh largest in the world. The project uses the energy and convert it into electrical energy that was a massive dam.

July 22 1966, the hydroelectric plant in Brazil and Paraguayan Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the dam and associated agreed to study the possibility of constructing a signed document. It’s starting to work however, it was not until February 1971. Construction is underway, and the legal issues were still in control. In particular, the countries of Argentina, a few miles south of the dam site, the conflict in the dam could be used as a weapon he was worried. All doors, a torrent of water that can be built to flood the capital, Buenos Aires, Argentina opened. To allay the concerns of the three countries of the dam may be submitted at any time of the agreement of October 1979 on the amount of water introduced.

Secret of Eiffel Tower

Eiffel Tower

Foundation work of Eiffel Tower started in January 1887. Those for the east and south legs were straightforward, each leg resting on four 2 m (6.6 ft) concrete slabs, one for each of the principal girders of each leg but the other two, being closer to the river Seine, were more complicated: each slab needed two piles installed by using compressed-air caissons 15 m (49 ft) long and 6 m (20 ft) in diameter driven to a depth of 22 m (72 ft) to support the concrete slabs, which were 6 m (20 ft) thick. Each of these slabs supported a block built of limestone each with an inclined top to bear a supporting shoe for the ironwork. Each shoe was anchored into the stonework by a pair of bolts 10 cm (4 in) in diameter and 7.5 m (25 ft) long. The foundations were complete by 30 June and the erection of the ironwork began.

Construction of seventh wonder- The Great Taj Mahal

The seventh wonder-TAJ MAHAL

Shah Jahan was lover of monuments and his one of the best monument is The TAJ MAHAL. The completion of Taj Mahal took 22 years included the efforts of many world class designers and around 20,000 labours. The construction of beauty started at 1631 and finished at 1653.

Pyramid – Overview of Construction

We have covered from the step pyramid to the true pyramid. As we know that Pyramids are the “Seven wonders of the world.”

The Step Pyramid

Descending from the north corridor leading to the burial chamber. Underground galleries are surrounded by all the sides. The first, and probably the only step pyramid ever completed, is that of King Netjerykhet Djoser at Saqqara. The Step pyramid is not beautiful as the True pyramid, which could explain the quick abandonment of this type of pyramid.

The True Pyramid

The Step Pyramid is a real natural evolution and improvement. The first real pyramid was introduced at the beginning of Dynasty 4. The actual pyramid structure is almost the same as a step pyramid. Packing blocks are stacked until the dimensions were right, and then finishing blocks (usually limestone) were the last touch. Aesthetics are more pleasing to the step pyramid, but the construction is not really different.

Construction Techniques

A main problem for worker was that how to carry the large stone to such height. The ramps were built on inclined planes of mud brick and rubble. They then dragged the blocks to the required height. As the pyramid’s height was increased they extend the height and base width. For construction of a pyramid many ramps were constructed.

The step pyramid was first constructed and then packing blocks were laid, the ramps could have run from one step to another rather than approaching the
pyramid face at right angles.

Pi denotes a certain understanding of some of the pyramids, but the mathematical knowledge of the Egyptians in the calculation did not include the ability to jump on. Such as counting the revolutions of the drum by means of an “accidental” may have that are possible.

The Three Gorges Dam-World’s largest hydro-power project

Three gorge dam

The Three Gorges Dam is the world’s largest hydro-power project and most notorious dam. The massive project sets records for number of people displaced (more than 1.2 million), number of cities and towns flooded (13 cities, 140 towns, 1,350 villages), and length of reservoir (more than 600 kilometers). The project has been plagued by corruption, spiraling costs, environmental impacts, human rights violations and resettlement difficulties.

Top 10 longest bridges in the world

Top 10  longest bridges in the world

History about Crane

Kingdom Tower- World’s tallest tower

Kingdom-Tower

Kingdom Tower (Burj al Mamlakah), earliarly known Mile-High Tower ‎, which is under construction skyscraper at  currently Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Its primary cost is SR4.6 billion (US$1.23 billion).

World’s Second tallest residential tower –World One

World’s Second tallest residential tower located at MUMBAI

World One

World one is the world’s second tallest residential skyscraper under construction in Mumbai located at upper warli. It will cover the plot of a 17.5 acre site. Lodha Group purchase the plot for 2.5 billion (US$38 million) from Shri Nivasan Cotton Mill. The project will cost 20 billion (US$310 million).

Largest Road Tunnel

Mont Blanc Tunnel

mont blanc tunnel

Mont Blanc tunnel under the Alps is the world’s largest tunnel. It holds the road for more than 11kilometers thousands of meters below Mont Blanc, the highest mountain in the Alps. It is open all year, which is blocked by snow for half the year.